2K j'aime,92 commentaires. com; ShareHexa Blanket Pattern Cast on 147 stitches or multiple of 14 stitches, plus 21. Designed with a fun style in mind, this vest comes in various colours and interesting designs. Each type requires a precise step-by-step approach and skill. Not only did Matt exceed my expectations. ProStaff Charlie Jurney walks you through setting up your e-collar, and how to introduce it to your training program. Nino's Corner STSK9 Dog Training Blog. 1. . STS K9 - Nino Drowaert posted. becky @mna. 11 used. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and T cell antitumor immunity. Back and forth without food and lure with food up and into a down Starting with the up ⬆️ and down ⬇️movement with food, paws on upper body and lure. Welcome. Follow through with your dog from puppy to adulthood. After applying the STSK9 methodology […] The Most Innovative Dog Training System. Handlers and K9’s are nationally certified for field operations, and the team conducts local, regional, and state K9 SAR trainings weekly throughout the state. The STSK9 vest also has the company's yin-yang logo on the front chest pocket and the back. Protects the dog handler and the dog handlers clothing from dirt and scratches. Registration for: Police Dog Workshop with Niño Robert of STSK9 October 2123, 2016 Hosted by: Police Service Dogs Training Center 2914 CR 200, Oxford, FL 34484 Email: psdk9 aol. Get Code. “Your dog is already 3 years old!”. Our 6,000 sq foot training facility is perfect for your custom indoor needs. 560 j'aime,Vidéo TikTok de STSK9 (@stsk9) : « 3 different dogs, one handler and method! Super proud at our graduated student @redeyes_k9 🚫 With the bans going on about bullies in 🇬🇧 wanted to emphasize Training is always the solution. 00 instantly! Completing steps 1-5 automatically unlocks your shot at the BIG $5,000. In a span of approximately 15 years, PCSK9 has morphed from an esoteric and rare cause of familial hy. Founder of Tapascity, former Olympian, Doctor in Mathematics and Key Note speaker Marc Debisschop, is one of the pioneers who built a psychometric tool to measure skills, talent and leadership roles. 20 Year Veteran of the APD. April 11, 2021. Part 2 | The Skills You Need. 00. - Condo for sale. Inside the STSK9 app, you can: Access all of your videos in one easy to use app. Did some research and found about Nino ans his program through a student of him which is kinda famous on tik tok / YouTube. Just come back from a weekend of protection dog training and on the subject of luring, our instructor recommended STSK9 as being one of the best practitioners in the world. 58GB 文件数量 : 6 在线播放 🧲 磁力网盘STSK9 is the first platform identifying 3 different major types of heeling and splitting them into FOCUS, CONTACT and STREET HEELING. Top 15 Reasons STSK9 Online Dog Training Works May 26, 2023 . Congratulations to our MVP Student Monique and her new dog Bam Bam! Bam is part of our MVP online program content. We elevate you on all levels ️BECOME the dog trainer you envisioned to BE! One of a kind ONLINE programs for dog trainers & handlers just like YOU! 💥Learn. 6M views. 8K views, 186 likes, 33 loves, 2 comments, 14 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from STS K9 - Nino Drowaert: Moral of the story: Start having some fun and mix things up regardless of. By clearly understanding the objective and the talents of the dog and handler, the path to developing the right combination of skills is clear. 1. Suivre. . This Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of the PCSK9 inhibitors alirocumab and evolocumab on total cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (urgent. Ezetimibe reduces LDL-C by 15%-20% when combined with statin. I am Nino Droweart and I am all about helping you become a better dog trainer so you can take your training to a whole new level of performance. . Toll free: 1-877-388-4440 Email: CTBTaxQuestions@gov. Then bind off. 1K Followers. It lets you explore the different training services and events we offer. MEET YOUR DOG TRAINING COACH, NINO DROWAERT During his near 20 years of experience training dogs & handlers from a variety of dog training fields such as Police K9 Units, Special Forces, Dog Sports, and professional and hobby trainers, Nino developed his signature methods. gov. Instructional videos & guides. DIYK9 offers online dog training courses. 2018년 7월. Add to cart. The problem with all-positive training is that there will come a time with every dog (and usually when the dog is off-leash) when the distractions that dog faces are more interesting to the dog than the high-value reward the handler is offering for compliance to. Heeling Styles. While this may. . Get Code. I am Nino Droweart and I am all about helping you become a better dog trainer so you can take your training to a. Feed. “Your Golden can’t do Nino’s stuff!”. 6 Sugar n’ Cream Stripes Placemat By: Lily Sugar’n CreamSportDOG Brand® Sr. Worldwide Online Dog Training Academy ♂️ Certified Police K9 Instructor Keynote SpeakerBRK0110˜026003M | July 19, 2019 KNIT CHEVRON COWL | KNIT 1 of 1 KNIT CHEVRON COWL | KNIT KNIT I SKILL LEVEL: EASY BULKY 5 MATERIALS Bernat® Velvet™ (10. The word dog consultant was born… Marc’s existential story is now also reflected in his passion for dogs…Our 6,000 sq foot training facility is perfect for your custom indoor needs. A live replay of Obedience Champion (Dog) and Reserve (Dog) Display from Day 3 of Crufts 2022. . 5 mm) knitting needles or size needed to obtain gauge. Service. 78. 8K views, 80 likes, 0 comments, 8 shares, Facebook Reels from Nino Drowaert: Check us on IG for the challenge! Lean back baby #stsk9 #challenge. STSK9 is proud to provide you with high-quality remote learning to help you elevate your dog training and set you on a path to success. Jul 21, 2023. . The Most Innovative Dog Training System. . . Just come back from a weekend of protection dog training and on the subject of luring, our instructor recommended STSK9 as being one of the best practitioners in the world. Your acceptance and opt-in is required to start the class. The idea behind it is a thorough philosophy: being able to coach techniques to people within a given discipline". While the example is knit up in pink yarn,. Do not use the ball to teach. Emanuela is the face of our Skills-Based Tools-Free method. A conversation between Nino Drowaert from STSK9 and Kay AKA MaligatorMom. With the STSK9 MASTER VIEW as a scientific foundation and two psychometric instruments that allow the talent of both the handler and the dog to be understood and evaluated according to their unique match’. Custom-Designed Precision Dog Training System. Woman is training her 14-week-old Doberman puppy following the STSK9 method! / Filmed on: 2023-05-25 / Location: Newcastle , NSW Australia. , Saint Petersburg, Florida. Modern Malinois. Yup, that’s right: the cast-on count. $ 2,499. 5 mm needles and long tail cast on method, cast on 46 stitches. 2:09. STSK9 (@stsk9) on TikTok | 785. Welcome to MVP Community! Ask questions, get feedback, and take on new challenges. Retrouvez le Jour 3 de la Coupe de France en RING Français à PAUILLAC, en Gironde. , Saint Petersburg, Florida. Extremely proud moment seeing the son of my dog, Rocky, taking on the highest honor of being displayed to the king of Belgium. 00Discount for STSK9 account. Designed for beginning and experienced handlers alike, Puppy University™ enables young dogs to learn the crucial. The forward scoot remix 😂 #belgianmalinois #irvine #irvinespectrum #stsk9. We help you develop unique skills to train your dog in any or all 3 types of heeling!Understand how Nino assesses and analyzes the handler & dog in less than a minute. GET YOUR TICKETS NOW - STSK9 Master View Seminar taking place in Arkansas USA. Teaching your PUPPY how to BACK UP Walk the puppy down Anticipate on puppy moving away from straight line Create a boundary using your body and movement One step at a time LAST PROMO DAYS Our New MVP promo ends this weekIt’s our Master class for people that want to level up straight to results Dm us for the entire syllabus or more. $ 799. 1 pair 5. 00. STSK9’s unique approach and system will provide you with a foundation that will enable your puppy to develop faster, better and more efficiently. You pick the date you want to send them some dog training joy. 1,647 likes · 27 talking about this · 107 were here. 25mm knitting needle (80cm long) 5 stitch-holders. karma is a 23 months old working line German shepherd we are both students of Nino Drowaert @STSK9 we have been working on obedience and being in sync little. 5K j'aime,22 commentaires. ee/stsk9. Movement + Visuals + Vocals + Drive + Grip. 00. 5 x 96. Unlock the massive potential in every aspect of dog training including heeling, obedience, socialization, protection work and much more. NIH. We prefer hands-on when there is a foundation established so we can focus on growth areas when meeting in person. STSK9 Full Course Bundle. Box 40, Listowel ON N4W 3H3 “home style… life style… your style. Subscribe to Crufts: -----. The broom and bag can be secured to the cloak with a couple of stitches. Cesar Millan is attacked while demonstrating how to control a protective puppy in front of a crowd! Watch more Cesar Millan's FREE on Dabl! Visit Public Relations and Press info. Vidéo TikTok de STSK9 (@stsk9) : « SYNCHRONIZATION 2. Get instant 2 years of access and unlimited access to all subclasses. A BETTER WAY TO TRAIN STSK9's world-renowned program contains a complete BLUEPRINT based on our Revolutionary System that has helped thousands ELEVATE their dog training and set them on a path to. Shift your mindset by understanding the 5 key pillars. Puppy University™ is one of STSK9's signature courses. Challenges. STK9 Training Company INC. Nino is the founder of the well-respected online dog training learning platform, STSK9. Sie heisst:Doug Salvio, the founder of DBD K9 Training Solutions has been involved with dog training for close to 15 years. Add To Calendar 2023-04-29 13:00 2023-04-30 20:30 UTC STSK9 Kentucky Master View Live Seminar A TWO-DAY LIVE EVENT Master View Seminar to experience a shift in your dog training knowledge and skills, all for the better. Our experiences have taught us hands-on is not always the best way forward given the massive advantages of digital learning. With A, K11. Results— Among the 27 564 patients, 469 (1. 10K views, 409 likes, 36 comments, 15 shares, Facebook Reels from STS K9 - Nino Drowaert: 10 month female puppy getting some bungee training to improve her striking. For centuries dogs have perfected their ability to control the humans they share their lives with, often times without the humans even being aware of it. THE DOG WIZARD @ 2110 Button Lane, La Grange, Kentucky, 40031 STSK9 info@stsk9. Receive push notifications with the latest news and updates. WARNING: This video is for advanced level trainers and training. A ban is a coward act where a breed is being punished for incompetency. The STSK9 vest also has the company's yin-yang logo on the front chest pocket and the back. Matt Folsom: I will forever treasure the time I spent with you Rocky. STSK9 is a new. 10th '22#stsk9 #ninodrowaert #coach #dogtraining #dogtrainer #workingd. . Comment OUT and I will DM you with more information. I am Nino Droweart and I am all about helping you become a better dog trainer so you can take your training to a whole new level of performance. Sizes: XS - S - M - L - XL - XXL - XXXL. “Nothing is ever finished” No exercise is ever completed. . Add to cart. 887 sqft. A trailer of our prestigious dog trainer camp last summer in Belgium. He has worked with dogs for local police departments. Meetups. Founder of Tapascity, former Olympian, Doctor in Mathematics and Key Note speaker Marc Debisschop, is one of the pioneers who built a psychometric tool to measure skills, talent and leadership roles. 4099 NY-145 Durham, NY 12422 Phone: 518-697-5660 Fax: 518-697-5661After traveling around the 🌎 for years to train dogs, people still struggle deciding what reward to use . Not all of our courses are about self-defense. Sprachen sind wilkommen, so Deutsch ist kein problem. Nino is a 20-year veteran of the Belgium’s biggest metropolitan police department (APD) where he held the position of Nationally Certified Head Trainer. Learn more STSK9 EVENTS Camps and workshops are in-person opportunities for students to diversify and put into practice the information and skills they have learned in our online programs. Woman is training her 14-week-old Doberman puppy following the STSK9 method! / Filmed on: 2023-05. Part 9 | Performance. The first stage is to wrap the yarn around the needle ending with the yarn forward. Part 8 | The Definition of Talent. O. com. dog handlers | 8. Knit the next three stitches, pulling the first stitch tight to avoid ladders in the cable. Relax, the use of Coupon Codes is unconditional. A Better Way To Train Your Dog Welcome to STSK9. A Better Way To Train Your Dog Welcome to STSK9. . With that, we were never against a positive, tools-free way of training. What's better than watching your methods spread around the globe, not only helping trainers become better trainers but also having happier and better performing dogs enjoying EVERY SINGLE SECOND. Ten minutes later its temperature is back to -18 °C. To teach her pet dog some of the same things we show. Vidéo TikTok de STSK9 (@stsk9) : « Started at the age of 3 years old this Showline Golden Retriever didn’t even know how to lift his head up let alone know what Focus heeling even meant! He had no focus or drive to any any of this stuff! Now, just one year later, he has become a reference for Focus Heeling 💛 ️ Conclusion: it’s not. STSK9's unique skill-based method will take you & your pet, sport, or working dog's performance to the ultimate level. Live. . 5 x 147. Freestyling is a fast and precise flow of motion between dog and handler. com. Courses purchased with Buy Now, Pay Later by PayPal, or Affirm, expect a 12-hour timeframe for course access. En. Apply all Stsk9 codes at checkout in one click. STSK9 Two-Day Florida Master View Seminar in SeptemberMASTER VIEW by Nino DrowaertIT'S A TWO-DAY SEMINAR SEP. STSK9 is proud to provide you with high-quality remote learning to help you elevate your dog training and set you on a path to success. STSK9 2022 in Review!#stsk9 #ninodrowaert #coach #dogtraining #dogtrainer #workingdog #workingdogs #workingbreed #obediencetraining #stsk9freestyle #malinois. FREESTYLE STSK9 TRAINING and the MVP METHODOLOGY. . Exp:Nov 20, 2023. dog handlers | 8. 164K views, 5. Comment. Participating in shooting sports is a great way for you to improve your shooting skills. NOTES: - To begin working with the O’Go format, carefully cut plastic tie where the ends of the O’Go meet. Welcome. Now she is a coach at the STSK9 Facility We are super proud of our new chapter “Laura’s Training Journey”. STSK9, or Specialized Training Services K9, is a platform that offers online dog training courses for dogs and handlers of all experience levels. WHAT IF you found out you could train your pet dog to perform like a working dog at the same level and even higher Ultra Fast Responses Advanced Movement and Control Enjoying the entire process When you open yourself up to a different type of training, the potential and possibilities are endless We teach you how to reach this level of dog. STSK9 Puppy Positive Program. Why you shouldn't be part of yor dog's out Oct 20, 2023. 0 We’ve been seeing how much y’all love the Lab VS Mal wars that we’ve been doing. STSK9 MVP Graduate showing extreme switch focus . The STSK9 Master View approach is now taught to trainers around the globe. “Pursuit of Dog Mastery” 💎becoming REALITY Our MVP Hongkong 🇭🇰 Students Adrienne and Kalok are killing it with all of our STSK9 techniquesThese are the ki. What a story! Nino met Matt at a private online event for the signature classes Puppu and E-University. Vidéo TikTok de STSK9 (@stsk9) : « The FIRST online program to teach THREE different & major types of heeling: 1️⃣ FOCUS HEELING 2️⃣ CONTACT HEELING 3️⃣ STREET HEELING This clear distinction and combination of styles will allow you and your dog to reach new heights in heeling! With nearly 7 hours of. We are proud to announce the first Talent Scan for trainers and dogs in collaboration wi. 00. com, you don’t need to start with “Cast on 15 sts” or “CO multiple of 9 + 1” or anything like that. Suivre. He's enjoying what you do, but then obviously you. If found bad resources, please send a report below the right, we. Nino Drowaert founded STSK9® in 2016. "), aber andere. This basic knit tee pattern gets turned up a notch by the addition of a lace panel in the back for an extra fun knitting pattern. 2. This course was completely different from any dog training system I have seen out there before! It was a very gratifying involvement to identify areas within. The brand is run by Garret Wing, a former K9 handler with over 20 years of experience. Curious about the different types of German Shepherds? German Shepherds come in many different sizes and shapes. During the theoretical part […]By applying STSK9’s methodology our students have developed faster than we could have taught them hands-on! You and your dog can do AMAZING things together when you FOLLOW a blueprint that helps you develop a connection and great skills. Coupert automatically finds and applies every available code, all for free. Success is efficiently found by combining and applying that understanding and using my unique training methods. Leave the seminar with long-term vision of what you want on your dog training career & journey. Not done anything with STSK9 but I really like the online training model, especially if you can get to them at some point to get feedback on technique, where you're doing well, where you're going wrong, etc. Top 15 Reasons STSK9 Online Dog Training Works May 26, 2023. Modern Malinois. Top 5 Reasons to Use a Dog Training Vest. Watch the latest video from STSK9 (@stsk9). $ 799. Become a channel member today, and you'll receive priority responses to comment. Go for $5,000. Reels. 2022-06-10 14:00 2022-06-12 22:00 UTC STSK9 Master View Seminar STSK9 3-day Dog Training Seminar covering the Master View on all 5 pillars of the methods, with hands-on experience, coaching, and Certification. Starting at the age of 7 weeks STSK9 inserts its UltimateControl system. Look for the section dedicated to reviews or testimonials. Woman is training her 14-week-old Doberman puppy following the STSK9 method! / Filmed on: 2023-05-25 / Location: Newcastle , NSW Australia种子特征码 : 654fd7f4ef7d9286bd49e7679efed94eed5aec80 发布日期 : 2022-09-01 文件大小 : 6. I bought this puppy for our demos and camps. For those of you who LOVED the first chat Larry Krohn and I had, here's part 2. 00 INSTANT WIN BONUS GAMES. More Details. 21 STSK9 coupon codes available. Die primäre Sprache ist Dänisch (deshalb "dk. Inc 1 st in last st. STSK-042 Bắt nạt kép ~ S Prefecture N Ward / Kỷ lục xử lý tình dục mạnh mẽ → Ngủ trong bệnh xá của trường · Irama đe dọa / Đi bộ mà không mặc quần lót / Đồng tính nữ mạnh mẽ / Cưỡng hiếp 3P ngoan ngoãn ~. This will help him know you will always come back for him. For softness, texture, and a knit baby blanket your little one will cherish for the rest of his life, knit this Velvety Basketweave Baby Blanket. Welcome. Part 3 | Stop Just Doing Stuff. Up to 20% off selected Heeling Styles can only be enjoyed when shopping on stsk9. Use any size needles to obtainSTSK9 Move of the day! Move: Static position to a right foot position from a back to dog angle How about you give this a try! Tag us STS K9 - Nino. Welcome to MVP Community! Ask questions, get feedback, and take on new challenges. 241K Followers, 923 Following, 1,128 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from STSK9 | Dog training (@stsk9)Learn more about dog training with STSK9's Puppy University. . Part 4 | How Do You Know. You can. More. 🐾 Every step in this journey is a lesson learned and a skill improved 🐕🎓 Keep growing, keep learning!#TrainingJourneyThe Cozy Artisan Poncho is not only gorgeously designed, it's an effortlessly elegant way to stay warm and cozy come fall. )Gift them something they will cherish forever. slides positions speedThis session was recored on sept. With A, knit to last st. Stay tuned for more upcoming content and podcasts!#stsk9 #ninodrowaert #coach #dogtraining #dogtrainer. Camps and workshops run over various durations and provide an excellent opportunity to meet new people with shared goals and interests in a venue that will […]Description. BECOME the dog trainer you envisioned to BE! ️ 👉 stsk9. The TEXSAR K9 team brings over 100 years of K9 training and experience. Home. The first I heard of STSK9 was a Facebook dogbook friend who took her Malinois to one of Nino's workshops last year. STK9 Training Company INC. For those who know STSK9, we know our methods include tools, although not mandatory. Nov 19, 2023. STSK9 TRAINING VEST. Baby Booties Knitting Pattern Free Mary Janes. We are professional, experienced, and certified Master Dog trainer. Rocky himself is a certified police dog and now his son is. . 1K Followers. Get Code. bc. He has worked with dogs for local police departments. Share. Add To Calendar 2023-04-29 13:00 2023-04-30 20:30 UTC STSK9 Kentucky Master View Live Seminar A TWO-DAY LIVE EVENT Master View Seminar to experience a shift in your dog training knowledge and skills, all for the better. STSK9 · Il y a 1 sem. Worldwide Online Dog Training Academy ♂️ Certified Police K9 Instructor Keynote. . Positive-Only. Shows. Take the cable needle with the three stitches to the back of the fabric (here, the cable needle is at the back of the knitting). 78. #belgianmalinois #belgianshepherddog⤵️Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. 2K j'aime,52 commentaires. At STSK9 we are proud of our student achievements, our student tab is a place where we can show you what can be achieved with our system and effort. Offering programs in professional obedience, behavior modification, narcotic detection dog. I am Nino Droweart and I am all about helping you become a better dog trainer so you can take your training to a whole new level of performance. US Size 15 (10 mm), 36” or longer, circular knitting needles (blanket is knit flat) Scissors. original sound - STSK9. (Podcast from last year) Enjoy!#stsk9 #ninodrowaert #coach #dogtraining #dogtrainer. . Nino Droweart. With APD experience covering over two decades, he has helped numerous dog owners through his innovative. Nino Drowaert of STSK9 is a very high-level dog trainer from Belgium. EcoCity 2-Pack Dog Training Clicker. A compilation of some high level off leash controlFor more on this topic, check out the Master View Path Certification Program (MVP) as our only interactive program with over 600 step-by-step tutorial videos, group coaching calls with peers, a private Facebook community, and video submissions with reviews and feedback. Close up of mid row bind off. Nino was instantly inspired by her remarkable results and mesmerized by her adaptation of the STSK9 methods in a positive way to suit herself, her dogs, and her country’s laws, Italy. While in college he decided to get a dog of his own, he chose a German Shepherd Dog named Lexa. Where can sponsorship and/or partnership opportunity inquiries be sent? Where can sponsorship and/or partnership opportunity inquiries be sent?Vitesse. Get Code. In this video, we share 5 different types of. By applying STSK9’s methodology our students have developed faster than we could have taught them hands-on! You and your dog can do AMAZING things together when you FOLLOW a blueprint that helps you develop a connection and great skills. CO multiple of 9 + 1. COM ». We will miss you Bam!#barkyardacademy #stsk9 #mvp #doglover #doglife #workingdogs #pastorbelgamalinois #mali #chien #malinoisarmy #ferhund #malinoispower #dutchshepherd #malinoislover #puppylove #belgianmalinoislovers #malinoisway #shepherd #bergerbelge #puppiesofinstagram #mechelseherder #policedog #protectiondog #dogphotography. The fence-like, linked cable pattern will bring back fun summer memories, while keeping Baby protected from the breeze. Knitting for Beginners: 6 Easy Free Knitting Patterns for Beginners Find more free knitting patterns at AllFreeKnitting. We are professional, experienced, and certified Master Dog trainer. He has clients in the competition and working dog fields. STSK9 LLC. . Start by visiting the STSK9 website or the platform where you can leave reviews. Prior experiences at Philip Vandenabeele’s Mondio Ring club in Wetteren (Belgium) and Bart Bellon’s famous Belgian Ring club in Hoboken (Belgium) together. For centuries dogs have perfected their ability to control the humans they share their lives with, often times without the humans even being aware of it. item #20081a page 1 lion brand® microspun® one-stitch baby sweaterJasper and I are joining @stsk9 @dogtrainingwithlaura challenge 🤪 Pivot in the middle was the hardest part that we really needed to practice with this big boy. com Page 1 of 1 rows = 4” [10 cm] in basketweave stitch. Each type requires a precise step-by-step approach and skill. I replied I saw many with the same potential but people didn’t even know their dog could do it all! Imagine you both have the potential and never. I am Nino Droweart and I am all about helping you become a better dog trainer so you can take your training t. What is a USFL Mint Pass? USFL Mint Pass. . I guess you could say my dog training style is 90% similar to Tom Davis. We are now caring for a five-day-old puppy in our home. Energy. We had several really great conversations and I thought sharing these with you would open your eyes about the similarities that dog trainers share and the passion that drives us. Cookie preferences. Nino Drowaert. 10th '22#stsk9 #ninodrowaert #coach #dogtraining #dogtrainer #workingd. If you are ever going to attempt an out, which you should at some point, because if your dog is really into his game, he's loving it. Offering programs in professional obedience, behavior modification, narcotic detection dog. For centuries dogs have perfected their ability to control the humans they share their lives with, often times without the humans even being aware of it. Mein Verstand hatte ausgesetzt, aber nun bin ich um diese Erfahrung froh. Step 2: After completing the above, you will receive another email. Explore. Matt was training with his German shepherd and used traditional methods.